Wednesday, November 27, 2019

Catatonic Schizophrenia Essays - Schizophrenia,

Catatonic Schizophrenia Catatonic Schizophrenia The most uncommon subtype of schizophrenia is catatonia. Although this kind of mental disorder is the rarest of the schizophrenias, it is perhaps the most disturbing to the people inflicted with the illness, and also to the families and friends who encounter the devastating disorder. Whereas paranoid and unorganized schizophrenia are disorders that effect mainly thought and speech behavior, catatonic schizophrenia not only disables speech and thought processes, but it is also a physically disabling illness. Catatonic schizophrenics experience many of the same symptoms as the other types, especially loosely attached thought and speech patterns and paranoia. Added to these symptoms, catatonic schizophrenics also experience extreme shifts between excited and withdrawn, stuporous motor behavior. These opposing states of physical activity, and the pronounced motor gestures are what characterize catatonic schizophrenia. In one experiment involving 250 patients, all with catatonic schizophrenia, 110 fall into the predominantly withdrawn class, 67 experience primarily excited symptoms, and 73 are considered mixed between behaving stuporous and excited (Morrison 1973). The most common state of catatonia, stupor, is characterized by a loss of all animation, and motionless, rigid, unchanging positions. People in a catatonic stupor will become sometimes become mute and stare into space, remaining still for sometimes hours or days, even until the hands and feet become blue and swollen (Carson, et al. 454). Trying to awaken a patient out of a catatonic stupor is virtually useless. Usually he or she will not acknowledge their surroundings, and will not respond to stimuli. Although during the stupor seems to be completely out there and unconnected to reality, some patients can even retell the accounts of the stupor and the reason, and what they were thinking at the time. One patient who remained motionless with one hand froze in the air, parallel to the ground, came out of the stupor explaining that the forces of the world were battling on the back of his hand. He was deathly afraid that if he tilted his hand he would give the evil force an unfair advanta ge (Carson, et al. 454). Some withdrawn patients are highly susceptible to suggestion and will obey commands or imitate actions, a condition known as echopraxia, or mimic phrases, also known as echolalia. Ordinarily, patients in a catatonic stupor will refuse to comply with even the slightest request and pay no attention to bowel or bladder control. Facial expressions are typically vacant, and skin texture appears waxy. Schizophrenic patients with catatonia may suddenly switch from states of extreme withdrawn behavior to great excitement. During these episodes, they appear to be under great pressure to be active. Some patients become somewhat aggressive during this state. They tend to talk or shout excitedly and incoherently, pacing back and forth. It is not uncommon for patients to openly indulge in sexual activities, attempt self-mutilation or even suicide. The uncontrollable frenzy of these attacks make such patients dangerous to both themselves and others. Fortunately, these excited episodes are extremely rare and typically only last a few minutes or hours. However, cases have shown that a days' or weeks' endurance is not altogether impossible. Psychology

Sunday, November 24, 2019

An Investigation into the elastic properties of different thickness of elastic bands Essays

An Investigation into the elastic properties of different thickness of elastic bands Essays An Investigation into the elastic properties of different thickness of elastic bands Essay An Investigation into the elastic properties of different thickness of elastic bands Essay Aim: the aim of this experiment is to find out what effect that different thickness of elastic bands has to the amount they stretch under a series of different weights. To test this I shall use different thickness of elastic band that are all the same length.. The final adjustment I shall make is to measure the thickest band with greater weights as well. This will show the effect of weight and its relation to the amount the band stretches. Hypothesis: According to hooks law the expansion of a spring is proportional to the weight it supports. If the same applies to the rubber band it to should increase in the amount it has expanded when a greater weight is applied. I therefore am able to predict that although not all the time the band will expand at the same rate as the amount of weight applied. However elastic bands are not quite as elastic as springs and so I do not expect this to be completely true. I also expect that the thicker the band the greater the weight will be required to stretch the band at the same rate. This entire put together should mean that as the pull on the bands is increased so the amount they stretch is. This should also mean that the amount they increase by should be smaller the thicker the band is. (E.g. the thinnest band might increase by 3cm for each extra Newton, the second thickest might increase by 2 cm and the thickest might increase by just 1cm. this would be up to a point where the bands would incre ase quicker. This point would be a greater force for each of the thicker bands with the thickest band needing the greatest pull before this occurred.) Diagram: Variables: The 2 things I am going to change (on purpose) is the thickness of the band and the amount of force pulling on the band. I will only change one variable at a time. The fact that I shall have to do it over two days could affect the temperature of the band and this could have a direct effect on the results of the elastitisity band. I shall however use the same equipment for the experiment. The person who looks at the elastic band shall be the same all the time. Measurements: I am going to measure the length of the band between 0.1cm and 30 cm. This shall be accurate to 0.1 of a cm. The weight being used on the band shall be measured between 10grms and 500grms. Plan/Method: First of all I shall start of with the thinnest band and with the 10grm weight. After I take down the result I shall increase the weight by 10grms and take the result again. I9 shall repeat this until I get up to 150grm where I shall increase the weight by 50 grams and take the result. Once I get up to 500grms I shall stop. Once I have done all the results for that band I shall repeat the experiment again but with the thicker band. Once that thickness of band has been done I shall do the experiment again but with the thickest band. Apparatus: I am going to need a 30cm ruler, a clamp stand, 3 different thickness of elastic bands, some tape and some weights. These weights will have to be able to get up to 150grms increasing in 10grms and 500grms increasing in 50grms so the best would be 15 10grm weights and 7 50grm weights. Risk assessment: The only problem could be if someone was messing about and he fired a band into someone elses eye. So to avoid this we shall all not mess about. Analysing evidence and drawing conclusions Analysis: All the bands start of looking the same with a pattern like Band 3 however bands 2 and 1 go off from this pattern. For band 1 this happens after it reaches 100grms and beyond 10cm in length. This is where it goes up dramatically. For band 2 this occurs around 150 or 10cm again. It is roughly the same in both cases. After this point the bands length rises dramatically. Conclusion: When a load gets too much for an object. The object no longer goes back too its original size and it now gets stretched to a different degree to that which it did previously. This is because there are small elastic atoms which hold the band together when a load gets too much these come out of place. So it gets stretched and cant come back together to its original shape as the atoms which hold the band together this means it does not have all the atoms in there right place and is stretched. This is shown in band 12 and Band 2 where the band suddenly stretches a lot greater then previously. These results compliment my hypothesis very well. Evaluating Evidence The Evidence: I had plenty of evidence as a clear pattern can be seen in each of the band graphs. These patterns also make a lot of sense. The evidence was very accurate however it was not as accurate as it could have been. A few pieces of evidence can be seen to make not as much sense in the whole feel of the graph. However these differences are not massive. The evidence is still good enough to support my theory. As there is enough of it and it is quite accurate. Improvements: I could have improved my experiment by using a ruler to check out the length to be sure. This would have made my results more accurate but probably would have made the pattern the same. I could have extended my experiment by including more results between 150 to 500.

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Death of a Salesman Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 6

Death of a Salesman - Essay Example Relatively associated to the life and dream of every American family, Death of a Salesman tells about the anxiety and insecurity of the Lomans–with Willy as the father, Linda as the wife and the mother to two sons: Biff and Happy. Already suffering from senility, Willy is still made to suffer more from his unappreciative boss, Howard Wagner. Willy has managed to survive, eventhough he erred at times while driving or even doing simple tasks. This is due to his concern for his financial security that remained him a salesman travelling long distances just to make a sale, and earn only a commission from it. Lomans are not mired in abject poverty–they were able to mortgage the house in a decent and highly densed neighborhood and were able to drive their own car–Willy Loman found it difficult to meet both ends. Linda is a plain housewife; Happy is living his own life; and Biff was not able to finish high school on reasons Willy has to be partly blamed. The struggle is nerve-racking to the extent that he is often disgusted and complaining at his own self and the people around him. Slowly, the plot brings us to reality, and it reveals the more elaborate struggle Willy has stepped onto. First, Willy’s late brother Ben has intevened exclusively only to Willy’s mind. This is either a flashback or some literary device which Miller had utilized to induce an intrinsic conflict in the main character. In the initial dialogue between Willy and Ben, they exchanged pleasantries and they shared memories about their parents and even their whereabouts. Willy is interested to the latter’s prevarications, â€Å"to walk into the jungle† (Miller 36). To Willy, the philosophy–apparently the same philosophy of the Loman’s stock–should be imbued to his two young sons. Further in the play, one notices the intricacies in the past. Ben, in the past, has